Membrane bioreactors incorporating hollow fiber membranes have emerged as a effective technology for numerous biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct website benefits such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article d

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These innovative systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate superior mass transfer, cellular growth, and product formation. This comprehensive review del